essay annotated bibloiography

essay on Annotated Bibliography.

So, in short:

1. Create a thesis statement that answers your research question from the Annotated

Bibliography.

2. Support and develop your thesis with information from at least

five (5)

research sources.

3. Remember to use your own words along with words from the source material. I want to see the

way you work to synthesize information in your paper, instead of just a collection of quotes.

4. Properly cite information quoted or paraphrased from your outside sources with parenthetical

citations.

5. Produce a paper of 1500-2000 words.

6. Follow all

MLA citation style 8

th

edition

formatting guidelines.

7. Include a clear introduction and conclusion where you introduce readers to your thesis and

main idea (introduction) and restate your thesis and summarize your paper’s main ideas

(conclusion).

8.

Include a Works Cited page

that clearly indicates the sources quoted or paraphrased in this

essay.

need essay on this!

(Annotated Bibliography: Suicide and Antidepressants)

Antidepressants have been prescribed widely to fight depression and to help in reducing suicide risk. Antidepressants are usually prescribed for issues, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety. However, people taking antidepressants may be at a higher risk of committing suicide than people whose depression is reducing due to other measures. The paper examines different research materials explaining whether antidepressants are effective medications in reducing suicide.

• Castelpietra, Giulio, et al. “Antidepressant use in suicides: a case-control study from the FriuliVenezia Giulia Region, Italy, 2005–2016.” European journal of clinical pharmacology 73.7 (2017): 883-890.
• Braun, Cora, et al. “Suicides and suicide attempts during long-term treatment with antidepressants: a meta-analysis of 29 placebo-controlled studies including 6,934 patients with major depressive disorder.” Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 85.3 (2016): 171-179.
• Zalsman, Gil, et al. “Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review.” The Lancet Psychiatry 3.7 (2016): 646-659.
• Stübner, Susanne, et al. “Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior as rare adverse events of antidepressant medication: current report from the AMSP Multicenter Drug Safety Surveillance Project.” International journal of neuropsychopharmacology 21.9 (2018): 814-821.
• Makris, Georgios D., et al. “Season of treatment initiation with antidepressants and suicidal behavior: A population-based cohort study in Sweden.” Journal of affective disorders 215 (2017): 245-255.
• Fenger-Grøn, Morten, et al. “Early treatment with talk therapy or antidepressants in severely bereaved people and risk of suicidal behavior and psychiatric illness: an instrumental variable analysis.” Clinical epidemiology 10 (2018): 1013.
• Larsson, Jan. “Antidepressants and suicide among young women in Sweden 1999–2013.” International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 29.1-2 (2017): 101-106.

Suicide has been recognized as one of the public health problem, linked to psychiatric diseases such as depression. The article presents a case-control study that compares the pattern of using antidepressants and individuals who have committed suicide. The article focuses on the available data on suicides, the diagnoses, and the use of antidepressants among patients in Friuli Venezia Giulia between 2005 and 2016. The study conducted aimed at establishing the association between suicide and the use of antidepressants. The author established 70% of suicides that happened during the period under study; there was a prescription of antidepressants. A decreased tend of suicide risk was observed in patients who adhered to the right prescription of antidepressants. The author concluded that antidepressants are an effective way of reducing suicide. The use of antidepressants in prescribed and adequate dosage within the given time by psychiatrists lowers the risk of suicide.

The article examines whether antidepressants can help in preventing suicide, particularly when they are used in the long-term. The author conducted a comprehensive review of long-term studies on the use of antidepressants in relapse prevention. The study obtained information from reviews in Medline, PubMed, and other health information sources. The study was conducted using 807 studies, covering about 6,900 patients. From the study, it was established that out of 7 in 8 suicides, and 13 out of 14 attempts to suicide happened in antidepressant arms. The study concluded that physicians should be aware that antidepressants help in preventing suicides and suicide attempts. The study established that antidepressants were more effective in treating psychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety that result in suicide. The study indicated that in comparison to the placebo, antidepressants are helpful for one-third of patients that are treated with anxiety disorders, one-sixth patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and one-tenth of patients with depression.

The article has presented evidence that involves the effectiveness of preventing suicide. The author indicates that many countries around the world have developed suicide prevention strategies, which, up to today, high-quality evidence is needed. The author assesses about seven intervention strategies, which include public education, strategies by the media, screening of patients, restriction of access to means of suicide, treatments using antidepressants. The systematic reviews and studies indicated that the use of antidepressants in minimizing suicide risks has strengthened since 2005. The possible benefits of using antidepressants to prevent disorders such as depression and anxiety outweigh the associated risks. However, the author indicates that effective prevention of suicide using antidepressants should be accompanied by other initiatives such as public education, counseling, and restriction to the means of committing suicide. All potential interventions for suicidal patients need to be investigated to ensure they are effective when used together with antidepressants. Also, antidepressants should be used according to the prescription provided by physicians.

The research shows that suicide attempts and ideations are rare reactions to antidepressants, and are clinically relevant in dealing with disorders such as depression and anxiety. The article uses a dataset from the European Dug Surveillance Program to present the data in the study. The research analyzes data that was collected from 81 psychiatric hospitals between 1993 and 2014. All cases of suicidal attempts and ideations of any suicide behavior that was judged from adverse reactions from antidepressants were assessed carefully. From more than 219,000 patients taking antidepressants, 0.04% (83) cases were suicidal cases with adverse reactions to antidepressants, 34 cases were attempted cases, and 5 cases of suicide had been recorded. The study has supported the view that the use of antidepressants reduced the cases of suicidal thoughts and behavior, which could be due to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, the author recommends a combination of other therapies such as mono-therapy with antidepressants to increase their effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideations and fatal suicides.

Research shows that the reduced binding ability of serotonin transporter (SERT) has been prevalent in suicidal victims. Also, studies have indicated that SERT has seasonal variations due to the lower capacity of binding in the seasonal peak of suicides. The article examines if the treatment initiation with antidepressants is related to suicide or suicidal attempts, and compares the results with the underlying suicide in the population. The author used the results of patients who had initiated treatments with antidepressants and followed for three months for their suicidal behavior. Results indicated that patients with 65 years and above had a high risk of suicide at the initiation of antidepressants in the summer and spring. Patients with 24 years and below indicated a high risk of suicide attempts if the use of antidepressant treatment was initiated in autumn. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between biological and other factors related to health in suicidal behavior. The effectiveness of antidepressant treatments in preventing suicide depends on the age and the seasonal patterns in some regions.

The article aims to examine the effects of early treatment using talk therapy or antidepressants. The author conducted a cohort study of about 207,000 adults who had experienced severe loss between 1996 and 2013, then compared the treatment within six months and after the loss of their loved ones. The health outcome that was established was suicide thoughts that occurred within six months after the bereavement. The results of the study indicated that people with severe mental problems after they are bereaved; they tend to benefit from antidepressants. The article concludes that physicians should focus on using antidepressants in primary care in the first six months of the mental problems that are associated with a low risk of suicide. The study did not show any harm that is related to the use of antidepressants in the treatment of mental conditions. The author recommends the use of talk therapy together with antidepressants in the treatment of psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety after bereavement.

The study seeks to establish if young women aged between 15 and 24 years, who committed suicide between 1999 and 2013 in Sweden had received antidepressant. The author investigated the notion that a high prescription of antidepressants would help to reduce the number of suicides. The results of the study shown a high covariance between antidepressant prescriptions and the high number of suicide among young women. According to the author, the belief that individuals who commit suicide are usually undertreated is wrong in reference to the findings of the study. The article concludes that the high proportion of young women who committed suicide had received antidepressant treatment in their last years before the suicide. The assumptions that had been made previously that antidepressant treatment would decrease the rate of suicide were taken as wrong in the population of young women. However, the research found that the high tendency of complete adherence to antidepressants recommended by the physicians reduced the cases of suicide.

Works Cited

Braun, Cora, et al. “Suicides and suicide attempts during long-term treatment with antidepressants: a meta-analysis of 29 placebo-controlled studies including 6,934 patients with major depressive disorder.” Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 85.3 (2016): 171-179

Castelpietra, Giulio, et al. “Antidepressant use in suicides: a case-control study from the FriuliVenezia Giulia Region, Italy, 2005–2016.” European journal of clinical pharmacology 73.7 (2017): 883-890.

Fenger-Grøn, Morten, et al. “Early treatment with talk therapy or antidepressants in severely bereaved people and risk of suicidal behavior and psychiatric illness: an instrumental variable analysis.” Clinical epidemiology 10 (2018): 1013.

Larsson, Jan. “Antidepressants and suicide among young women in Sweden 1999–2013.” International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 29.1-2 (2017): 101-106.

Stübner, Susanne, et al. “Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior as rare adverse events of antidepressant medication: current report from the AMSP Multicenter Drug Safety Surveillance Project.” International journal of neuropsychopharmacology 21.9 (2018): 814-821.

Makris, Georgios D., et al. “Season of treatment initiation with antidepressants and suicidal behavior: A population-based cohort study in Sweden.” Journal of affective disorders 215 (2017): 245-255

Zalsman, Gil, et al. “Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review.” The Lancet Psychiatry 3.7 (2016): 646-659.