What are the specific needs of English language learners?                                                                BICS, CALP and CUP: SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND LEARNING THEORY Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)​ ​Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) Levels of Language Proficiency – Paired with Cummins’ Iceberg General Pattern of K-12 Language Minority Student Achievement on Standardized Tests in English ReadingCompared Across Six Program ModelsBENEFITS OF USING STUDENTS’ NATIVE LANGUAGE IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS

Stages of Language Acquisition – Sample Teaching Strategies at Each Stage of Language Development